Which theory is known as the Theory of Cognitive Development?

• A. Piaget's Theory
• B. Vygotsky's Theory
• C. Montessori's Theory
• D. Erikson's Theory

Answer: (A)

This item tests which theorist is known for outlining how children's thinking develops over time. The Theory of Cognitive Development is the framework that explains how reasoning, problem-solving, and understanding evolve in a series of stages as children grow. Jean Piaget proposed this theory and described four main stages—sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational—showing how children move from relying on basic senses and actions to using abstract thought. He also emphasized that children are active builders of knowledge, adapting their thinking through processes like assimilation and accommodation as they interact with the world.

Other theorists contribute important ideas but focus on different aspects. Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interaction and culture in learning, introducing concepts like the zone of proximal development. Montessori stressed an environment and approach that supports self-directed discovery and exploration. Erikson outlined psychosocial stages that cover social and emotional development across the lifespan. Because Piaget specifically framed cognitive development as a stage-based, internal process of transforming thinking, he is the one associated with the Theory of Cognitive Development.